depot/third_party/nixpkgs/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/nextcloud.md

# Nextcloud {#module-services-nextcloud}

[Nextcloud](https://nextcloud.com/) is an open-source,
self-hostable cloud platform. The server setup can be automated using
[services.nextcloud](#opt-services.nextcloud.enable). A
desktop client is packaged at `pkgs.nextcloud-client`.

The current default by NixOS is `nextcloud26` which is also the latest
major version available.

## Basic usage {#module-services-nextcloud-basic-usage}

Nextcloud is a PHP-based application which requires an HTTP server
([`services.nextcloud`](#opt-services.nextcloud.enable)
optionally supports
[`services.nginx`](#opt-services.nginx.enable))
and a database (it's recommended to use
[`services.postgresql`](#opt-services.postgresql.enable)).

A very basic configuration may look like this:
```
{ pkgs, ... }:
{
  services.nextcloud = {
    enable = true;
    hostName = "nextcloud.tld";
    config = {
      dbtype = "pgsql";
      dbuser = "nextcloud";
      dbhost = "/run/postgresql"; # nextcloud will add /.s.PGSQL.5432 by itself
      dbname = "nextcloud";
      adminpassFile = "/path/to/admin-pass-file";
      adminuser = "root";
    };
  };

  services.postgresql = {
    enable = true;
    ensureDatabases = [ "nextcloud" ];
    ensureUsers = [
     { name = "nextcloud";
       ensurePermissions."DATABASE nextcloud" = "ALL PRIVILEGES";
     }
    ];
  };

  # ensure that postgres is running *before* running the setup
  systemd.services."nextcloud-setup" = {
    requires = ["postgresql.service"];
    after = ["postgresql.service"];
  };

  networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ 80 443 ];
}
```

The `hostName` option is used internally to configure an HTTP
server using [`PHP-FPM`](https://php-fpm.org/)
and `nginx`. The `config` attribute set is
used by the imperative installer and all values are written to an additional file
to ensure that changes can be applied by changing the module's options.

In case the application serves multiple domains (those are checked with
[`$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']`](http://php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.server.php))
it's needed to add them to
[`services.nextcloud.config.extraTrustedDomains`](#opt-services.nextcloud.config.extraTrustedDomains).

Auto updates for Nextcloud apps can be enabled using
[`services.nextcloud.autoUpdateApps`](#opt-services.nextcloud.autoUpdateApps.enable).

## Common problems {#module-services-nextcloud-pitfalls-during-upgrade}

  - **General notes.**
    Unfortunately Nextcloud appears to be very stateful when it comes to
    managing its own configuration. The config file lives in the home directory
    of the `nextcloud` user (by default
    `/var/lib/nextcloud/config/config.php`) and is also used to
    track several states of the application (e.g., whether installed or not).

     All configuration parameters are also stored in
    {file}`/var/lib/nextcloud/config/override.config.php` which is generated by
    the module and linked from the store to ensure that all values from
    {file}`config.php` can be modified by the module.
    However {file}`config.php` manages the application's state and shouldn't be
    touched manually because of that.

    ::: {.warning}
    Don't delete {file}`config.php`! This file
    tracks the application's state and a deletion can cause unwanted
    side-effects!
    :::

    ::: {.warning}
    Don't rerun `nextcloud-occ maintenance:install`!
    This command tries to install the application
    and can cause unwanted side-effects!
    :::
  - **Multiple version upgrades.**
    Nextcloud doesn't allow to move more than one major-version forward. E.g., if you're on
    `v16`, you cannot upgrade to `v18`, you need to upgrade to
    `v17` first. This is ensured automatically as long as the
    [stateVersion](#opt-system.stateVersion) is declared properly. In that case
    the oldest version available (one major behind the one from the previous NixOS
    release) will be selected by default and the module will generate a warning that reminds
    the user to upgrade to latest Nextcloud *after* that deploy.
  - **`Error: Command "upgrade" is not defined.`**
    This error usually occurs if the initial installation
    ({command}`nextcloud-occ maintenance:install`) has failed. After that, the application
    is not installed, but the upgrade is attempted to be executed. Further context can
    be found in [NixOS/nixpkgs#111175](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/111175).

    First of all, it makes sense to find out what went wrong by looking at the logs
    of the installation via {command}`journalctl -u nextcloud-setup` and try to fix
    the underlying issue.

    - If this occurs on an *existing* setup, this is most likely because
      the maintenance mode is active. It can be deactivated by running
      {command}`nextcloud-occ maintenance:mode --off`. It's advisable though to
      check the logs first on why the maintenance mode was activated.
    - ::: {.warning}
      Only perform the following measures on
      *freshly installed instances!*
      :::

      A re-run of the installer can be forced by *deleting*
      {file}`/var/lib/nextcloud/config/config.php`. This is the only time
      advisable because the fresh install doesn't have any state that can be lost.
      In case that doesn't help, an entire re-creation can be forced via
      {command}`rm -rf ~nextcloud/`.

  - **Server-side encryption.**
    Nextcloud supports [server-side encryption (SSE)](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_files/encryption_configuration.html).
    This is not an end-to-end encryption, but can be used to encrypt files that will be persisted
    to external storage such as S3. Please note that this won't work anymore when using OpenSSL 3
    for PHP's openssl extension because this is implemented using the legacy cipher RC4.
    If [](#opt-system.stateVersion) is *above* `22.05`,
    this is disabled by default. To turn it on again and for further information please refer to
    [](#opt-services.nextcloud.enableBrokenCiphersForSSE).

## Using an alternative webserver as reverse-proxy (e.g. `httpd`) {#module-services-nextcloud-httpd}

By default, `nginx` is used as reverse-proxy for `nextcloud`.
However, it's possible to use e.g. `httpd` by explicitly disabling
`nginx` using [](#opt-services.nginx.enable) and fixing the
settings `listen.owner` & `listen.group` in the
[corresponding `phpfpm` pool](#opt-services.phpfpm.pools).

An exemplary configuration may look like this:
```
{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }: {
  services.nginx.enable = false;
  services.nextcloud = {
    enable = true;
    hostName = "localhost";

    /* further, required options */
  };
  services.phpfpm.pools.nextcloud.settings = {
    "listen.owner" = config.services.httpd.user;
    "listen.group" = config.services.httpd.group;
  };
  services.httpd = {
    enable = true;
    adminAddr = "webmaster@localhost";
    extraModules = [ "proxy_fcgi" ];
    virtualHosts."localhost" = {
      documentRoot = config.services.nextcloud.package;
      extraConfig = ''
        <Directory "${config.services.nextcloud.package}">
          <FilesMatch "\.php$">
            <If "-f %{REQUEST_FILENAME}">
              SetHandler "proxy:unix:${config.services.phpfpm.pools.nextcloud.socket}|fcgi://localhost/"
            </If>
          </FilesMatch>
          <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
            RewriteEngine On
            RewriteBase /
            RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
            RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
          </IfModule>
          DirectoryIndex index.php
          Require all granted
          Options +FollowSymLinks
        </Directory>
      '';
    };
  };
}
```

## Installing Apps and PHP extensions {#installing-apps-php-extensions-nextcloud}

Nextcloud apps are installed statefully through the web interface.
Some apps may require extra PHP extensions to be installed.
This can be configured with the [](#opt-services.nextcloud.phpExtraExtensions) setting.

Alternatively, extra apps can also be declared with the [](#opt-services.nextcloud.extraApps) setting.
When using this setting, apps can no longer be managed statefully because this can lead to Nextcloud updating apps
that are managed by Nix. If you want automatic updates it is recommended that you use web interface to install apps.

## Maintainer information {#module-services-nextcloud-maintainer-info}

As stated in the previous paragraph, we must provide a clean upgrade-path for Nextcloud
since it cannot move more than one major version forward on a single upgrade. This chapter
adds some notes how Nextcloud updates should be rolled out in the future.

While minor and patch-level updates are no problem and can be done directly in the
package-expression (and should be backported to supported stable branches after that),
major-releases should be added in a new attribute (e.g. Nextcloud `v19.0.0`
should be available in `nixpkgs` as `pkgs.nextcloud19`).
To provide simple upgrade paths it's generally useful to backport those as well to stable
branches. As long as the package-default isn't altered, this won't break existing setups.
After that, the versioning-warning in the `nextcloud`-module should be
updated to make sure that the
[package](#opt-services.nextcloud.package)-option selects the latest version
on fresh setups.

If major-releases will be abandoned by upstream, we should check first if those are needed
in NixOS for a safe upgrade-path before removing those. In that case we should keep those
packages, but mark them as insecure in an expression like this (in
`<nixpkgs/pkgs/servers/nextcloud/default.nix>`):
```
/* ... */
{
  nextcloud17 = generic {
    version = "17.0.x";
    sha256 = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
    eol = true;
  };
}
```

Ideally we should make sure that it's possible to jump two NixOS versions forward:
i.e. the warnings and the logic in the module should guard a user to upgrade from a
Nextcloud on e.g. 19.09 to a Nextcloud on 20.09.