{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
let

  inherit (config.security) wrapperDir wrappers;

  parentWrapperDir = dirOf wrapperDir;

  # This is security-sensitive code, and glibc vulns happen from time to time.
  # musl is security-focused and generally more minimal, so it's a better choice here.
  # The dynamic linker is still a fairly complex piece of code, and the wrappers are
  # quite small, so linking it statically is more appropriate.
  securityWrapper = sourceProg : pkgs.pkgsStatic.callPackage ./wrapper.nix {
    inherit sourceProg;

    # glibc definitions of insecure environment variables
    #
    # We extract the single header file we need into its own derivation,
    # so that we don't have to pull full glibc sources to build wrappers.
    #
    # They're taken from pkgs.glibc so that we don't have to keep as close
    # an eye on glibc changes. Not every relevant variable is in this header,
    # so we maintain a slightly stricter list in wrapper.c itself as well.
    unsecvars = lib.overrideDerivation (pkgs.srcOnly pkgs.glibc)
      ({ name, ... }: {
        name = "${name}-unsecvars";
        installPhase = ''
          mkdir $out
          cp sysdeps/generic/unsecvars.h $out
        '';
      });
  };

  fileModeType =
    let
      # taken from the chmod(1) man page
      symbolic = "[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+|[-+=][0-7]+";
      numeric = "[-+=]?[0-7]{0,4}";
      mode = "((${symbolic})(,${symbolic})*)|(${numeric})";
    in
     lib.types.strMatching mode
     // { description = "file mode string"; };

  wrapperType = lib.types.submodule ({ name, config, ... }: {
    options.source = lib.mkOption
      { type = lib.types.path;
        description = lib.mdDoc "The absolute path to the program to be wrapped.";
      };
    options.program = lib.mkOption
      { type = with lib.types; nullOr str;
        default = name;
        description = lib.mdDoc ''
          The name of the wrapper program. Defaults to the attribute name.
        '';
      };
    options.owner = lib.mkOption
      { type = lib.types.str;
        description = lib.mdDoc "The owner of the wrapper program.";
      };
    options.group = lib.mkOption
      { type = lib.types.str;
        description = lib.mdDoc "The group of the wrapper program.";
      };
    options.permissions = lib.mkOption
      { type = fileModeType;
        default  = "u+rx,g+x,o+x";
        example = "a+rx";
        description = lib.mdDoc ''
          The permissions of the wrapper program. The format is that of a
          symbolic or numeric file mode understood by {command}`chmod`.
        '';
      };
    options.capabilities = lib.mkOption
      { type = lib.types.commas;
        default = "";
        description = lib.mdDoc ''
          A comma-separated list of capability clauses to be given to the
          wrapper program. The format for capability clauses is described in the
          “TEXTUAL REPRESENTATION” section of the {manpage}`cap_from_text(3)`
          manual page. For a list of capabilities supported by the system, check
          the {manpage}`capabilities(7)` manual page.

          ::: {.note}
          `cap_setpcap`, which is required for the wrapper
          program to be able to raise caps into the Ambient set is NOT raised
          to the Ambient set so that the real program cannot modify its own
          capabilities!! This may be too restrictive for cases in which the
          real program needs cap_setpcap but it at least leans on the side
          security paranoid vs. too relaxed.
          :::
        '';
      };
    options.setuid = lib.mkOption
      { type = lib.types.bool;
        default = false;
        description = lib.mdDoc "Whether to add the setuid bit the wrapper program.";
      };
    options.setgid = lib.mkOption
      { type = lib.types.bool;
        default = false;
        description = lib.mdDoc "Whether to add the setgid bit the wrapper program.";
      };
  });

  ###### Activation script for the setcap wrappers
  mkSetcapProgram =
    { program
    , capabilities
    , source
    , owner
    , group
    , permissions
    , ...
    }:
    ''
      cp ${securityWrapper source}/bin/security-wrapper "$wrapperDir/${program}"

      # Prevent races
      chmod 0000 "$wrapperDir/${program}"
      chown ${owner}:${group} "$wrapperDir/${program}"

      # Set desired capabilities on the file plus cap_setpcap so
      # the wrapper program can elevate the capabilities set on
      # its file into the Ambient set.
      ${pkgs.libcap.out}/bin/setcap "cap_setpcap,${capabilities}" "$wrapperDir/${program}"

      # Set the executable bit
      chmod ${permissions} "$wrapperDir/${program}"
    '';

  ###### Activation script for the setuid wrappers
  mkSetuidProgram =
    { program
    , source
    , owner
    , group
    , setuid
    , setgid
    , permissions
    , ...
    }:
    ''
      cp ${securityWrapper source}/bin/security-wrapper "$wrapperDir/${program}"

      # Prevent races
      chmod 0000 "$wrapperDir/${program}"
      chown ${owner}:${group} "$wrapperDir/${program}"

      chmod "u${if setuid then "+" else "-"}s,g${if setgid then "+" else "-"}s,${permissions}" "$wrapperDir/${program}"
    '';

  mkWrappedPrograms =
    builtins.map
      (opts:
        if opts.capabilities != ""
        then mkSetcapProgram opts
        else mkSetuidProgram opts
      ) (lib.attrValues wrappers);
in
{
  imports = [
    (lib.mkRemovedOptionModule [ "security" "setuidOwners" ] "Use security.wrappers instead")
    (lib.mkRemovedOptionModule [ "security" "setuidPrograms" ] "Use security.wrappers instead")
  ];

  ###### interface

  options = {
    security.wrappers = lib.mkOption {
      type = lib.types.attrsOf wrapperType;
      default = {};
      example = lib.literalExpression
        ''
          {
            # a setuid root program
            doas =
              { setuid = true;
                owner = "root";
                group = "root";
                source = "''${pkgs.doas}/bin/doas";
              };

            # a setgid program
            locate =
              { setgid = true;
                owner = "root";
                group = "mlocate";
                source = "''${pkgs.locate}/bin/locate";
              };

            # a program with the CAP_NET_RAW capability
            ping =
              { owner = "root";
                group = "root";
                capabilities = "cap_net_raw+ep";
                source = "''${pkgs.iputils.out}/bin/ping";
              };
          }
        '';
      description = lib.mdDoc ''
        This option effectively allows adding setuid/setgid bits, capabilities,
        changing file ownership and permissions of a program without directly
        modifying it. This works by creating a wrapper program under the
        {option}`security.wrapperDir` directory, which is then added to
        the shell `PATH`.
      '';
    };

    security.wrapperDirSize = lib.mkOption {
      default = "50%";
      example = "10G";
      type = lib.types.str;
      description = lib.mdDoc ''
        Size limit for the /run/wrappers tmpfs. Look at mount(8), tmpfs size option,
        for the accepted syntax. WARNING: don't set to less than 64MB.
      '';
    };

    security.wrapperDir = lib.mkOption {
      type        = lib.types.path;
      default     = "/run/wrappers/bin";
      internal    = true;
      description = lib.mdDoc ''
        This option defines the path to the wrapper programs. It
        should not be overridden.
      '';
    };
  };

  ###### implementation
  config = {

    assertions = lib.mapAttrsToList
      (name: opts:
        { assertion = opts.setuid || opts.setgid -> opts.capabilities == "";
          message = ''
            The security.wrappers.${name} wrapper is not valid:
                setuid/setgid and capabilities are mutually exclusive.
          '';
        }
      ) wrappers;

    security.wrappers =
      let
        mkSetuidRoot = source:
          { setuid = true;
            owner = "root";
            group = "root";
            inherit source;
          };
      in
      { # These are mount related wrappers that require the +s permission.
        fusermount  = mkSetuidRoot "${pkgs.fuse}/bin/fusermount";
        fusermount3 = mkSetuidRoot "${pkgs.fuse3}/bin/fusermount3";
        mount  = mkSetuidRoot "${lib.getBin pkgs.util-linux}/bin/mount";
        umount = mkSetuidRoot "${lib.getBin pkgs.util-linux}/bin/umount";
      };

    boot.specialFileSystems.${parentWrapperDir} = {
      fsType = "tmpfs";
      options = [ "nodev" "mode=755" "size=${config.security.wrapperDirSize}" ];
    };

    # Make sure our wrapperDir exports to the PATH env variable when
    # initializing the shell
    environment.extraInit = ''
      # Wrappers override other bin directories.
      export PATH="${wrapperDir}:$PATH"
    '';

    security.apparmor.includes = lib.mapAttrs' (wrapName: wrap: lib.nameValuePair
     "nixos/security.wrappers/${wrapName}" ''
      include "${pkgs.apparmorRulesFromClosure { name="security.wrappers.${wrapName}"; } [
        (securityWrapper wrap.source)
      ]}"
      mrpx ${wrap.source},
    '') wrappers;

    ###### wrappers activation script
    system.activationScripts.wrappers =
      lib.stringAfter [ "specialfs" "users" ]
        ''
          chmod 755 "${parentWrapperDir}"

          # We want to place the tmpdirs for the wrappers to the parent dir.
          wrapperDir=$(mktemp --directory --tmpdir="${parentWrapperDir}" wrappers.XXXXXXXXXX)
          chmod a+rx "$wrapperDir"

          ${lib.concatStringsSep "\n" mkWrappedPrograms}

          if [ -L ${wrapperDir} ]; then
            # Atomically replace the symlink
            # See https://axialcorps.com/2013/07/03/atomically-replacing-files-and-directories/
            old=$(readlink -f ${wrapperDir})
            if [ -e "${wrapperDir}-tmp" ]; then
              rm --force --recursive "${wrapperDir}-tmp"
            fi
            ln --symbolic --force --no-dereference "$wrapperDir" "${wrapperDir}-tmp"
            mv --no-target-directory "${wrapperDir}-tmp" "${wrapperDir}"
            rm --force --recursive "$old"
          else
            # For initial setup
            ln --symbolic "$wrapperDir" "${wrapperDir}"
          fi
        '';

    ###### wrappers consistency checks
    system.checks = lib.singleton (pkgs.runCommandLocal
      "ensure-all-wrappers-paths-exist" { }
      ''
        # make sure we produce output
        mkdir -p $out

        echo -n "Checking that Nix store paths of all wrapped programs exist... "

        declare -A wrappers
        ${lib.concatStringsSep "\n" (lib.mapAttrsToList (n: v:
          "wrappers['${n}']='${v.source}'") wrappers)}

        for name in "''${!wrappers[@]}"; do
          path="''${wrappers[$name]}"
          if [[ "$path" =~ /nix/store ]] && [ ! -e "$path" ]; then
            test -t 1 && echo -ne '\033[1;31m'
            echo "FAIL"
            echo "The path $path does not exist!"
            echo 'Please, check the value of `security.wrappers."'$name'".source`.'
            test -t 1 && echo -ne '\033[0m'
            exit 1
          fi
        done

        echo "OK"
      '');
  };
}