{
  config,
  stdenv,
  fetchurl,
  fetchpatch,
  callPackage,
  lib,
  acpica-tools,
  dev86,
  pam,
  libxslt,
  libxml2,
  wrapQtAppsHook,
  libX11,
  xorgproto,
  libXext,
  libXcursor,
  libXmu,
  libIDL,
  SDL2,
  libcap,
  libGL,
  libGLU,
  libpng,
  glib,
  lvm2,
  libXrandr,
  libXinerama,
  libopus,
  libtpms,
  qtbase,
  qtx11extras,
  qttools,
  qtsvg,
  qtwayland,
  pkg-config,
  which,
  docbook_xsl,
  docbook_xml_dtd_43,
  alsa-lib,
  curl,
  libvpx,
  nettools,
  dbus,
  substituteAll,
  gsoap,
  zlib,
  xz,
  yasm,
  glslang,
  nixosTests,
  # If open-watcom-bin is not passed, VirtualBox will fall back to use
  # the shipped alternative sources (assembly).
  open-watcom-bin,
  makeself,
  perl,
  vulkan-loader,
  javaBindings ? true,
  jdk, # Almost doesn't affect closure size
  pythonBindings ? false,
  python3,
  extensionPack ? null,
  fakeroot,
  pulseSupport ? config.pulseaudio or stdenv.hostPlatform.isLinux,
  libpulseaudio,
  enableHardening ? false,
  headless ? false,
  enable32bitGuests ? true,
  enableWebService ? false,
  enableKvm ? false,
  extraConfigureFlags ? "",
}:

# The web services use Java infrastructure.
assert enableWebService -> javaBindings;

let
  buildType = "release";
  # Use maintainers/scripts/update.nix to update the version and all related hashes or
  # change the hashes in extpack.nix and guest-additions/default.nix as well manually.
  virtualboxVersion = "7.0.22";
  virtualboxSha256 = "cf3ddf633ca410f1b087b0722413e83247cda4f14d33323dc122a4a42ff61981";

  kvmPatchVersion = "20240828";
  kvmPatchHash = "sha256-g0esJbB1IGyLGZMLFJIY8ZYdHWuiM5IZtLMHZvCY6bs=";

  # The KVM build is not compatible to VirtualBox's kernel modules. So don't export
  # modsrc at all.
  withModsrc = !enableKvm;

  virtualboxGuestAdditionsIso = callPackage guest-additions-iso/default.nix { };

  inherit (lib)
    optional
    optionals
    optionalString
    getDev
    getLib
    ;
in
stdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
  pname = "virtualbox";
  version = finalAttrs.virtualboxVersion;

  inherit
    buildType
    virtualboxVersion
    virtualboxSha256
    kvmPatchVersion
    kvmPatchHash
    virtualboxGuestAdditionsIso
    ;

  src = fetchurl {
    url = "https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/${finalAttrs.virtualboxVersion}/VirtualBox-${finalAttrs.virtualboxVersion}.tar.bz2";
    sha256 = finalAttrs.virtualboxSha256;
  };

  outputs = [ "out" ] ++ optional withModsrc "modsrc";

  nativeBuildInputs = [
    pkg-config
    which
    docbook_xsl
    docbook_xml_dtd_43
    yasm
    glslang
  ] ++ optional (!headless) wrapQtAppsHook;

  # Wrap manually because we wrap just a small number of executables.
  dontWrapQtApps = true;

  buildInputs =
    [
      acpica-tools
      dev86
      libxslt
      libxml2
      xorgproto
      libX11
      libXext
      libXcursor
      libIDL
      libcap
      glib
      lvm2
      alsa-lib
      curl
      libvpx
      pam
      makeself
      perl
      libXmu
      libXrandr
      libpng
      libopus
      libtpms
      python3
      xz
    ]
    ++ optional javaBindings jdk
    ++ optional pythonBindings python3 # Python is needed even when not building bindings
    ++ optional pulseSupport libpulseaudio
    ++ optionals headless [ libGL ]
    ++ optionals (!headless) [
      qtbase
      qtx11extras
      libXinerama
      SDL2
      libGLU
    ]
    ++ optionals enableWebService [
      gsoap
      zlib
    ];

  hardeningDisable = [
    "format"
    "fortify"
    "pic"
    "stackprotector"
  ];

  prePatch = ''
    set -x
    sed -e 's@MKISOFS --version@MKISOFS -version@' \
        -e 's@PYTHONDIR=.*@PYTHONDIR=${optionalString pythonBindings python3}@' \
        -e 's@CXX_FLAGS="\(.*\)"@CXX_FLAGS="-std=c++11 \1"@' \
        ${
          optionalString (!headless) ''
            -e 's@TOOLQT5BIN=.*@TOOLQT5BIN="${getDev qtbase}/bin"@' \
          ''
        } -i configure
    ls kBuild/bin/linux.x86/k* tools/linux.x86/bin/* | xargs -n 1 patchelf --set-interpreter ${stdenv.cc.libc}/lib/ld-linux.so.2
    ls kBuild/bin/linux.amd64/k* tools/linux.amd64/bin/* | xargs -n 1 patchelf --set-interpreter ${stdenv.cc.libc}/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2

    grep 'libpulse\.so\.0'      src include -rI --files-with-match | xargs sed -i -e '
      ${optionalString pulseSupport ''s@"libpulse\.so\.0"@"${libpulseaudio.out}/lib/libpulse.so.0"@g''}'

    grep 'libdbus-1\.so\.3'     src include -rI --files-with-match | xargs sed -i -e '
      s@"libdbus-1\.so\.3"@"${dbus.lib}/lib/libdbus-1.so.3"@g'

    grep 'libasound\.so\.2'     src include -rI --files-with-match | xargs sed -i -e '
      s@"libasound\.so\.2"@"${alsa-lib.out}/lib/libasound.so.2"@g'

    export USER=nix
    set +x
  '';

  patches =
    optional enableHardening ./hardened.patch
    # Since VirtualBox 7.0.8, VBoxSDL requires SDL2, but the build framework uses SDL1
    ++ optionals (!headless) [
      ./fix-sdl.patch
      # No update patch disables check for update function
      # https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/virtualbox-ose/+bug/272212
      (fetchpatch {
        url = "https://salsa.debian.org/pkg-virtualbox-team/virtualbox/-/raw/debian/7.0.14-dfsg-1/debian/patches/16-no-update.patch";
        hash = "sha256-UJHpuB6QB/BbxJorlqZXUF12lgq8gbLMRHRMsbyqRpY=";
      })
    ]
    ++ [ ./extra_symbols.patch ]
    # When hardening is enabled, we cannot use wrapQtApp to ensure that VirtualBoxVM sees
    # the correct environment variables needed for Qt to work, specifically QT_PLUGIN_PATH.
    # This is because VirtualBoxVM would detect that it is wrapped that and refuse to run,
    # and also because it would unset QT_PLUGIN_PATH for security reasons. We work around
    # these issues by patching the code to set QT_PLUGIN_PATH to the necessary paths,
    # after the code that unsets it. Note that qtsvg is included so that SVG icons from
    # the user's icon theme can be loaded.
    ++ optional (!headless && enableHardening) (substituteAll {
      src = ./qt-env-vars.patch;
      qtPluginPath = "${qtbase.bin}/${qtbase.qtPluginPrefix}:${qtsvg.bin}/${qtbase.qtPluginPrefix}:${qtwayland.bin}/${qtbase.qtPluginPrefix}";
    })
    # While the KVM patch should not break any other behavior if --with-kvm is not specified,
    # we don't take any chances and only apply it if people actually want to use KVM support.
    ++ optional enableKvm (fetchpatch {
      name = "virtualbox-${finalAttrs.virtualboxVersion}-kvm-dev-${finalAttrs.kvmPatchVersion}.patch";
      url = "https://github.com/cyberus-technology/virtualbox-kvm/releases/download/dev-${finalAttrs.kvmPatchVersion}/kvm-backend-${finalAttrs.virtualboxVersion}-dev-${finalAttrs.kvmPatchVersion}.patch";
      hash = finalAttrs.kvmPatchHash;
    })
    ++ [
      ./qt-dependency-paths.patch
      # https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/123851
      ./fix-audio-driver-loading.patch
    ];

  postPatch = ''
    sed -i -e 's|/sbin/ifconfig|${nettools}/bin/ifconfig|' \
      src/VBox/HostDrivers/adpctl/VBoxNetAdpCtl.cpp
  '';

  # first line: ugly hack, and it isn't yet clear why it's a problem
  configurePhase = ''
    NIX_CFLAGS_COMPILE=$(echo "$NIX_CFLAGS_COMPILE" | sed 's,\-isystem ${lib.getDev stdenv.cc.libc}/include,,g')

    cat >> LocalConfig.kmk <<LOCAL_CONFIG
    VBOX_WITH_TESTCASES            :=
    VBOX_WITH_TESTSUITE            :=
    VBOX_WITH_VALIDATIONKIT        :=
    VBOX_WITH_DOCS                 :=
    VBOX_WITH_WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS   :=

    VBOX_WITH_ORIGIN               :=
    VBOX_PATH_APP_PRIVATE_ARCH_TOP := $out/share/virtualbox
    VBOX_PATH_APP_PRIVATE_ARCH     := $out/libexec/virtualbox
    VBOX_PATH_SHARED_LIBS          := $out/libexec/virtualbox
    VBOX_WITH_RUNPATH              := $out/libexec/virtualbox
    VBOX_PATH_APP_PRIVATE          := $out/share/virtualbox
    VBOX_PATH_APP_DOCS             := $out/doc

    VBOX_WITH_UPDATE_AGENT :=

    ${optionalString javaBindings ''
      VBOX_JAVA_HOME                 := ${jdk}
    ''}
    ${optionalString (!headless) ''
      VBOX_WITH_VBOXSDL              := 1
      PATH_QT5_X11_EXTRAS_LIB        := ${getLib qtx11extras}/lib
      PATH_QT5_X11_EXTRAS_INC        := ${getDev qtx11extras}/include
      PATH_QT5_TOOLS_LIB             := ${getLib qttools}/lib
      PATH_QT5_TOOLS_INC             := ${getDev qttools}/include
    ''}
    ${optionalString enableWebService ''
      # fix gsoap missing zlib include and produce errors with --as-needed
      VBOX_GSOAP_CXX_LIBS := gsoapssl++ z
    ''}
    TOOL_QT5_LRC                   := ${getDev qttools}/bin/lrelease
    LOCAL_CONFIG

    ./configure \
      ${optionalString headless "--build-headless"} \
      ${optionalString (!javaBindings) "--disable-java"} \
      ${optionalString (!pythonBindings) "--disable-python"} \
      ${optionalString (!pulseSupport) "--disable-pulse"} \
      ${optionalString (!enableHardening) "--disable-hardening"} \
      ${optionalString (!enable32bitGuests) "--disable-vmmraw"} \
      ${optionalString enableWebService "--enable-webservice"} \
      ${optionalString (open-watcom-bin != null) "--with-ow-dir=${open-watcom-bin}"} \
      ${optionalString (enableKvm) "--with-kvm"} \
      ${extraConfigureFlags} \
      --disable-kmods
    sed -e 's@PKG_CONFIG_PATH=.*@PKG_CONFIG_PATH=${libIDL}/lib/pkgconfig:${glib.dev}/lib/pkgconfig ${libIDL}/bin/libIDL-config-2@' \
        -i AutoConfig.kmk
    sed -e 's@arch/x86/@@' \
        -i Config.kmk
    substituteInPlace Config.kmk --replace-fail "VBOX_WITH_TESTCASES = 1" "#"
  '';

  enableParallelBuilding = true;

  buildPhase = ''
    source env.sh
    kmk -j $NIX_BUILD_CORES BUILD_TYPE="${finalAttrs.buildType}"
  '';

  installPhase = ''
    libexec="$out/libexec/virtualbox"
    share="${if enableHardening then "$out/share/virtualbox" else "$libexec"}"

    # Install VirtualBox files
    mkdir -p "$libexec"
    find out/linux.*/${finalAttrs.buildType}/bin -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 \
      -name src -o -exec cp -avt "$libexec" {} +

    mkdir -p $out/bin
    for file in ${
      optionalString (!headless) "VirtualBox VBoxSDL"
    } ${optionalString enableWebService "vboxwebsrv"} VBoxManage VBoxBalloonCtrl VBoxHeadless; do
        echo "Linking $file to /bin"
        test -x "$libexec/$file"
        ln -s "$libexec/$file" $out/bin/$file
    done

    ${optionalString (extensionPack != null) ''
      mkdir -p "$share"
      "${fakeroot}/bin/fakeroot" "${stdenv.shell}" <<EOF
      "$libexec/VBoxExtPackHelperApp" install \
        --base-dir "$share/ExtensionPacks" \
        --cert-dir "$share/ExtPackCertificates" \
        --name "Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack" \
        --tarball "${extensionPack}" \
        --sha-256 "${extensionPack.outputHash}"
      EOF
    ''}

    ${optionalString (!headless) ''
      # Create and fix desktop item
      mkdir -p $out/share/applications
      sed -i -e "s|Icon=VBox|Icon=$libexec/VBox.png|" $libexec/virtualbox.desktop
      ln -sfv $libexec/virtualbox.desktop $out/share/applications
      # Icons
      mkdir -p $out/share/icons/hicolor
      for size in `ls -1 $libexec/icons`; do
        mkdir -p $out/share/icons/hicolor/$size/apps
        ln -s $libexec/icons/$size/*.png $out/share/icons/hicolor/$size/apps
      done
      # Translation
      ln -sv $libexec/nls "$out/share/virtualbox"
    ''}

    ${optionalString withModsrc ''
      cp -rv out/linux.*/${finalAttrs.buildType}/bin/src "$modsrc"
    ''}

    mkdir -p "$out/share/virtualbox"
    cp -rv src/VBox/Main/UnattendedTemplates "$out/share/virtualbox"
    ln -s "${finalAttrs.virtualboxGuestAdditionsIso}" "$out/share/virtualbox/VBoxGuestAdditions.iso"
  '';

  preFixup =
    optionalString (!headless) ''
      wrapQtApp $out/bin/VirtualBox
    ''
    # If hardening is disabled, wrap the VirtualBoxVM binary instead of patching
    # the source code (see postPatch).
    + optionalString (!headless && !enableHardening) ''
      wrapQtApp $out/libexec/virtualbox/VirtualBoxVM \
         --prefix LD_LIBRARY_PATH : "${lib.makeLibraryPath [ vulkan-loader ]}"
    '';

  passthru = {
    inherit extensionPack; # for inclusion in profile to prevent gc
    tests = nixosTests.virtualbox;
    updateScript = ./update.sh;
  };

  meta = {
    description = "PC emulator";
    longDescription = ''
      VirtualBox is an x86 and AMD64/Intel64 virtualization product for enterprise and home use.

      To install on NixOS, please use the option `virtualisation.virtualbox.host.enable = true`.
      Please also check other options under `virtualisation.virtualbox`.
    '';
    sourceProvenance = with lib.sourceTypes; [
      fromSource
      binaryNativeCode
    ];
    license = lib.licenses.gpl2;
    homepage = "https://www.virtualbox.org/";
    maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [
      sander
      friedrichaltheide
      blitz
    ];
    platforms = [ "x86_64-linux" ];
    mainProgram = "VirtualBox";
  };
})